Referencing with APA: Examples E-H

To be made up of:

In-text citation:

Wear (2000) suggests…

Reference list:

Wear, A. (2000). Knowledge and practice in English medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/bham/detail.action?docID=5004608

To be made up of:

In-text citation:

Wear (2000) suggests...

(Ball, 2012)

Reference list:

Wear, A. (2000). Knowledge and practice in English medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from University of Birmingham Ebrary database.

Ball, S. J. (2012.). Foucault, power, and education. Routledge Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.dawsonera.com.

To be made up of:

Author of message
Year of message
Subject of the message (in single quotation marks)
Discussion group or bulletin board (in italics)
Date posted
Email retrieved from…

To be made up of:

Author
Year of publication
Entry title
In Encyclopaedia name (in italics)
Edition (if relevant)
Place of publication: publisher

In-text citation:

It is obvious that (Crystal, 2007, p. 45)…

(Ford-Martin, 2003)

(Norum, 2008)

Reference list:

Crystal, D. (2007). Medical science. In The Penguin Concise Encyclopaedia. (3rd edn.). London: Penguin.

Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery&M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders (Vol.1, pp. 226-228). Detroit, MI: Gale.

Norum, K. (2008). Artifact Analysis. In Lisa M. Given (Ed.), The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909.n14

To be made up of:

Author
Year of publication
Encyclopaedia name (in italics)
Edition (if relevant)
Place of publication: publisher

In-text citation:

It is obvious that (Crystal, 2007)…

Reference list:

Crystal, D. (2007). The Penguin Concise Encyclopaedia. (3rd edn.). London: Penguin.

To be made up of:

Name of EU institution
Year of publication 
Title (in italics)
Place of publication: publisher

In-text citation:

The predicted migration of labour (European Commission, 2007)…

Reference list:

European Commission. (2007). Making globalisation profitable. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

To be made up of:

Art Gallery title (or similar)
Date of exhibition
Title of exhibition (in italics)
Location

To be made up of:

In-text citation:

It is clear that the campus for 2016 will be a hive of activity (University of Birmingham, 2015).

Reference list:

University of Birmingham. (2015, June 18). New for 2016 on campus will be a fabulous library, filled with new and emerging technologies… [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/unibirmingham

To be made up of:

Publishing organisation
Year of publication
Title of extract (in italics)
Retrieved from…

Arabic liteature will often cites the poetry of the 13th century Persian Sufi master Jalaluddin Rumi (Najm, 1966).

If you are referring to or quoting Akira Kurasaw from a non-Western source, e.g.  黒澤 明 and citing in an English paper, the in-text citation would be, (Kurasawa, 1954)

Reference list:

Najm, Y. (1966). Al-qissah fi al-adab Al-Arabi al-hadith [The novel in modern Arabic literature]. Beirut: Dar Al-Thaqafah.

七人の侍 transliterated is Shichinin no Samurai, and so the reference would be:

Motoki, S. (Producer), & Kurosawa, A. (Director). (1954). Shichinin no samurai [Seven samurai; motion picture]. Japan: Toho.

To be made up of:

Author
Year and date of publication
Title of page (if not same as author)
Message
Media type
Retrieved from…

In-text citation:

It is obvious in this day and age (Guild of Students, 2015) that…

Reference list:          

Guild of Students, University of Birmingham. (2015, June 4). Ready to move out? Drop off your non-perishable food at our collection trolley, in support of Sparkhill food bank. [Google+ post]. Retrieved from https://plus.google.com/+guildofstudents/posts

To be made up of:

In-text citation:

In 2011, the UK government published a report on helping small firms start to grow and prosper ((Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 2011, p.3).  

Reference list:

Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. (2011). Bigger, better business: Helping small firms start, grow and prosper. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32225/11-515-bigger-better-business-helping-small-firms.pdf

Ministry of Justice. (2012). Licence conditions and temporary travelling abroad (Probation Instructions PI 20/2012). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/offenders/probation-instructions/pi-20-2012-licence-conditions-and-temporary-travelling-abroad.doc.

To be made up of:

Title (or brief description)
Date of graffiti
Media type
Location

In-text citation:

The graffiti, ‘Jimmy no!’ (2015) demonstrated…

Reference list:

Jimmy no! (2015, June 23) (graffiti). York, UK: 15 West Street.

To be made up of:

Author
Year of publication Title of book (in italics)
(graph)
Place of publication: publisher

In-text citation:

The effects of the atoms (Gray, 2009, p. 87).

Reference list:

Gray, A. (2009). How to reference scientific papers (graph). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

To be made up of:

House of…
Year of debate 
House of … Debate
Date of debate (in italics) 
Volume number
Column number
Retrieved from…

In-text citation:

Dr Sugar expressed his views quite clearly (HC Deb, 2009)…

Reference list:

House of Commons. (2009). January 20 Debate (vol 500, col 1990). Retrieved from http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/hcdeb1990

To be made up of:

Author/editor
Year of publication
Title (in italics)
Retrieved from
Original work published…

In-text citation:

James’ measured plans (1654)…

Reference list:

James, P. (1654). Ruins of the palace at Thermopylae. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/birmingham (Original work published 1654).

To be made up of:

House of…
Year of publication 
Title (in italics)
Paper number
Publication details

In-text citation:

Parliamentary reports for the year included renewable energy (House of Lords, 2004).

Reference list:

House of Lords. (2004). Electricity from renewables: the first report. (HL 2003-2004 (19)). London: The Stationary Office.